Adicción al trabajo entre docentes universitarios de programas de posgrado stricto sensu: la situación brasileña
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26754/ojs_ais/accionesinvestig.soc..20254711051Palabras clave:
adicción al trabajo, profesores universitarios, salud ocupacional, posgradoResumen
La adicción al trabajo ha sido descrita como la tendencia a trabajar de forma extremadamente dura y compulsiva. Los docentes de posgrado (maestría y doctorado) son una categoría profesional en riesgo de desarrollar este importante fenómeno psicosocial. Así, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar la prevalencia de la adicción al trabajo y analizar el poder predictivo de variables sociodemográficas, laborales y factores psicosociales sobre sus dimensiones (trabajo excesivo y compulsivo) en una muestra de 302 docentes universitarios brasileños. Como instrumentos de investigación, se utilizaron un cuestionario sociodemográfico y laboral, la Dutch Work Addiction Scale (DUWAS) y el Copenhague Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQII). Los resultados indicaron una prevalencia de adicción al trabajo del 15,6% en la muestra. El grado de exceso de trabajo se predijo por un mayor compromiso laboral, mayores exigencias laborales (cuantitativas, cognitivas y emocionales) y una remuneración más alta. Además, ser mujer y tener menos experiencia como profesora universitaria también fueron predictores de puntuaciones altas en exceso de trabajo. La dimensión del trabajo compulsivo fue predicha por mayores exigencias laborales (cuantitativas y emocionales), mayor compromiso con el trabajo y remuneración en el trabajo, y por menor edad y nivel de libertad. Los resultados indican la necesidad de acciones individuales e institucionales como medidas de prevención y rehabilitación.
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